![]() Procedures are discussed by which the formulations can be implemented into existing linear elastic algorithms to provide nonlinear analysis capabilities. Secant-stiffness moduli are defined for concrete and reinforcement, and these are used in the development of an eight-noded regular hexahedral element. Cracked reinforced concrete is treated as an orthotropic nonlinear elastic material based on a smeared, rotating crack model. The failure process and shear resisting mechanisms of differently shaped beam-column joints (interior, exterior, interior top, and corner) were-understood by analytical results,of the stress-strain relationship among concrete elements, shear force of the beam-column joints, the contribution of shear resisting elements, and deformation components, which were not obtained in the experiment.įinite-element formulations are presented for the analysis of reinforced concrete solids. FEM analysis that took into consideration the interaction between the reinforcement and concrete and that between the steel and concrete simulated the behavior of the frame specimen,well. Analysis of the, latter was conducted before testing to predict the behavior of the specimen. The other specimen had through-beam-type beam-column joints with cover plates, and the failure mode was joint shear failure. One specimen had through-beam-type beam-column joints with face bearing plates, and the failure mode was beam yielding. Two frame specimens with reinforced concrete columns and steel beams, which had different beam-column joint detailing, were analyzed using the nonlinear three-dimensional finite element method (FEM). It was further noticed that the compressive ECC layers crushed after the compressive flanges were yielded and therefore successfully prevented the onset of lateral buckling. ![]() A significant enhancement in flexural behaviors was achieved for the proposed beams when comparing with the bare and/or NC encased steel beams. Flexural resistance, failure modes, and strain analyses of the tested beams were compared with similar bare steel beam and/or NC encased steel composite beams. In all, 15 simply supported beams fabricated with different material, geometric, and encasement configurations were tested under bending. As the production cost of ECC is relatively higher than that of normal concrete (NC), an efficient configuration of the beam is proposed by only encasing the flanges of the steel section using ECC while the remaining portion of the web is encased by lightweight concrete (LWC). This chapter presents the results of a comprehensive experimental study where engineered cementitious composite (ECC) was employed to encase the steel section.
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